Chemical Protective Glove Materials

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Chemical protective gloves come in a variety of materials. Unfortunately, no one material will work for all situations, so it’s important to know what the materials are and their uses and limitations. What follows is a summary of chemical protective glove materials.

Glove Materials

  • Butyl is a synthetic rubber. Butyl rubber gloves generally have good resistance to a wide variety of chemicals, including aldehydes, ketones, and esters. They also are more wear resistant than other chemical protective gloves. Butyl gloves are generally more expensive than other glove materials.
  • Rubber (also called latex) is made from liquid obtained from rubber plants. Natural rubber gloves are elastic and resilient. They resist acids, alkalis, salts, and ketones but generally have minimal chemical resistance to other substances; however, when combined with other materials, it is used in a broad range of applications. Natural rubber gloves are often used as exam gloves in the health care industry and find use in food processing, electronics assembly, and laboratory chemical handling. Because of the potential for latex allergy, which can be life threatening, latex gloves are not used as widely as they once were.
  • Neoprene is a synthetic rubber. Neoprene gloves have chemical- and wear-resistance properties superior to those of latex (natural rubber) gloves. Neoprene gloves are resistant to acids, caustics, alcohols, inks, refrigerants, ketones, oils, fats, grease, fertilizers, cleaners, and detergent. They find use in the petrochemical industry, degreasing, chemical processing, metal finishing, mechanical work, painting, bleaching, and commercial dishwashing.
  • Nitrile (also referred to as NBR or acrylonitrile) is a copolymer. Nitrile gloves are puncture and abrasion resistant. Nitrile gloves also provide excellent, wide-range chemical protection from a variety of substances, including petroleum solvents, caustics, and animal fats. They find use in chemical and food processing, stripping and degreasing, motor and engine manufacturing, machine operation using cutting oils and coolants, electronics, and acid etching.
  • Vinyl gloves are gloves made from polymers. The two most common are polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Polyvinyl alcohol is a water soluble polymer that is resistant to organic solvents that can rapidly permeate most rubbers. Because it is water soluble, PVA is often used as a coating or blended with other materials when used in gloves. Polyvinyl chloride is a stiff polymer. In order to make it suitable for use in chemical protective gloves, plasticizers are added. Vinyl gloves resist acids and alcohols but not petroleum solvents. They are less costly than natural rubber latex gloves and so are often used as a substitute for latex gloves. Vinyl gloves are used in industrial and food processing applications, intricate assembly work, laboratory research, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
  • Viton(r) is a registered trademark of DuPont for a synthetic elastomer. Gloves made from Viton are highly chemical-resistant, particularly to chlorinated and aromatic organic solvents. Viton gloves tend to be more expensive than those made from other materials.
  • Laminate gloves are gloves that are made from a combination of materials. Laminate gloves combine materials in order to increase the usability of the glove either over a wider range of chemicals or for harsher environments (hazardous waste cleanup, for example). Even more so than single material gloves, the performance of laminate gloves are manufacturer-specific, and the manufacturer’s literature on the glove should be consulted to determine the glove’s performance capabilities.
  • A Word About Disposable Versus Reusable Glove

    Some gloves are disposable, and some are reusable. The difference in reusable versus disposable is not necessarily the material it’s made from; it’s more about chemical resistance, wear resistance, and thickness. Disposable gloves are thin, single-use glove that are generally 4 to 8 mils thick (a mil is 0.001 inch) – a good example of a disposable glove is exam gloves used in health care settings. Reusable gloves are thicker – 18 to 28 mils thick. (To determine the thickness of a glove, check the manufacturer’s specifications on the glove. It will either tell you the thickness or indicate whether the glove is disposable or reusable.)

    Disposable gloves are not suitable for handling aggressive or highly hazardous chemicals. Disposable gloves do provide barrier protection where contact with chemicals is not likely, for example, in food processing or where the issue is dirt or prevention of human-produced contamination (as is necessary in clean rooms or health care). Disposable gloves do not hold up well to cleaning and should not be washed and reused.

    Editor’s Note: Previously published here.

    Rathi Niyogi is the CEO of CriticalTool, a national distributor of Nitrile Gloves, Neoprene gloves and other industrial safety equipment. If you thought this article was helpful, additional information on chemical resistant gloves can be found at http://www.criticaltool.com/choosing-a-chemical-protective-glove.html

    Read more articles written by Rathi Niyogi

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